Inhaled Insulin: Place in Therapy Authors Sanjay Kalra Department of Endocrinology, Bharti Hospital, Karnal, India; University Center for Research & Development, Chandigarh University, India; Saptarshi Bhattacharya Department of Endocrinology, Apollo Indraprastha Hospitals, New Delhi, India; Nitin Kapoor Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India; Non communicable disease unit, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia DOI: https://doi.org/10.47391/JPMA.26-44 Abstract Inhaled insulin is a non- injectable person-friendlypreparation. Approved for use in adults with diabetes,inhaled insulin offers prandial control, without meetingbasal requirements. This communication describes therational placement of inhaled insulin in clinical practice. Itclassifies its use as initiation, interchange andintensification strategies, suggests homologous (purist)and heterologous (hybrid) structured regimens, andproposes fixed, formative and flexible styles of usage. Thisframe work supports and simplifies the use of inhaledinsulin in clinical practice.2Keywords: Afrezza, diabetes, glycaemic control, insulin,person centred care, prandial insulin Downloads Full Text Article Published 2026-05-28 How to Cite Sanjay Kalra, Saptarshi Bhattacharya, & Nitin Kapoor. (2026). Inhaled Insulin: Place in Therapy. Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 76(06), 967–968. https://doi.org/10.47391/JPMA.26-44 More Citation Formats ACM ACS APA ABNT Chicago Harvard IEEE MLA Turabian Vancouver Download Citation Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS) BibTeX Issue Vol. 76 No. 06 (2026): JUNE Section PRIMARY CARE DIABETES License Copyright (c) 2026 Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.