The Obese Adrenals

Abstract

Obesity is a complex disorder with systemic and endocrine
implications. Recent insights highlight the adrenal gland
as both a target and contributor in obesity-related
metabolic dysfunction. Obesity-induced changes in
adrenal morphology and hormone dynamics—particularly
involving cortisol, aldosterone, and catecholamines—
reinforce insulin resistance, visceral adiposity, and
cardiovascular risk. Additionally, adrenal-driven conditions
such as Cushing’s syndrome, primary aldosteronism, and
pheochromocytoma may present with obesity or
metabolic syndrome, often underrecognized. This review
explores the emerging concept of “obese adrenals,”
emphasizing the bidirectional relationship between
adiposity and adrenal activity and the importance of
recognizing endocrine subtypes within the broader
spectrum of obesity.
Keywords: Adrenal, Cushings, obesity, overweight,
pheochromocytoma