Immunotherapy in Type 1 Diabetes: Emerging Therapies and Future Directions Authors Simran Thakkar Department of Endocrinology, Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals, New Delhi, India Saptarshi Bhattacharya Department of Endocrinology, Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals, New Delhi, India Lakshmi Nagendra Department of Endocrinology, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysore, India Sanjay Kalra Department of Endocrinology, Bharti Hospital, Karnal, Haryana, India University Centre for Research & Development, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India DOI: https://doi.org/10.47391/JPMA.25-10 Abstract Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1D) is an autoimmune disordermarked by the destruction of insulin-producingpancreatic beta-cells. While insulin therapy remains thestandard of care, advancements in immunotherapypresent promising alternatives aimed at halting diseaseprogression and reducing insulin dependence. This briefreview highlights key immunomodulatory therapies,including teplizumab, which has demonstrated the abilityto delay the onset of T1D, and rituximab, known forpreserving beta-cell function, though its effects tend to betransient. Emerging treatments, such as stem-celltherapies, also show potential. However, significantchallenges remain, including high costs, long-term safetyconcerns, and the need for personalized care. As thistherapeutic landscape evolves, further research is criticalto optimizing these strategies and moving closer to apotential cure for T1D.Keywords: Type 1 diabetes mellitus, autoimmunity,immunotherapy, anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody,teplizumab, Downloads Full Text Article Published 2025-01-26 How to Cite Simran Thakkar, Saptarshi Bhattacharya, Lakshmi Nagendra, & Sanjay Kalra. (2025). Immunotherapy in Type 1 Diabetes: Emerging Therapies and Future Directions. Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 75(02), 322–324. https://doi.org/10.47391/JPMA.25-10 More Citation Formats ACM ACS APA ABNT Chicago Harvard IEEE MLA Turabian Vancouver Download Citation Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS) BibTeX Issue Vol. 75 No. 02 (2025): FEBRUARY Section RECENT ADVANCES IN ENDOCRINOLOGY License Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.