The relationship of anterior occlusion and skeletal variables with the frontal sinus index: an analytical cross-sectional study Authors Tahira Arif Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Dr. Ishrat-Ul-Ebad Khan Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan Sadia Rizwan Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Dr. Ishrat-Ul-Ebad Khan Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan Imtiaz Ahmed Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Dr. Ishrat-Ul-Ebad Khan Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan Waqas Ahmed Farooqui School of Public Health, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan DOI: https://doi.org/10.47391/JPMA.6679 Keywords: Frontal sinus, Cephalometry, Dental occlusion, Malocclusion Abstract Objective: To determine the relationship of anterior occlusion and skeletal variables with the frontal sinus index. Method: The retrospective, analytical, cross-sectional, study was conducted from July to November 2020 at Dr Ishrat-ul-Ebad Khan Institute of Oral Health Sciences and Dow Dental College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, and comprised data from 2015 to 2018 related to pre-treatment lateral cephalograms for determining frontal sinus index and other cephalometric variables. The dental casts were observed for incisor classification. Patients with Class I incisors formed the comparison group, while the rest comprised 5 malocclusion groups. The frontal sinus was traced, and the sinus index was calculated. Data was analysed using STATA 15 and R 3.5.1. Results: Of the 240 subjects, there were 40(16.66%) in each of the 6 groups; 155(64.6%) females and 85(35.4%) males. The mean age of the sample was 21.33±3.52 years (range: 16-29 years). The mean sinus index was higher in all malocclusion groups than the comparison group, but it was significantly higher only in Class II division 2 and anterior open bite groups (p<0.05). The only exception to the trend was Class II division 1 with and without contact in which the value was lower (p>0.05). The anterior cranial base length, sella-nasion mandibular plane angle, and upper incisor palatal plane angle significantly affected the frontal sinus index (p<0.05). Conclusion: The frontal sinus index could be considered an indicator of harmonious anterior occlusion. Key Words: Frontal sinus, Cephalometry, Dental occlusion, Malocclusion. Downloads Full Text Article Published 2024-06-28 How to Cite Arif, T., Sadia Rizwan, Imtiaz Ahmed, & Waqas Ahmed Farooqui. (2024). The relationship of anterior occlusion and skeletal variables with the frontal sinus index: an analytical cross-sectional study. Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 74(7), 1224–1228. https://doi.org/10.47391/JPMA.6679 More Citation Formats ACM ACS APA ABNT Chicago Harvard IEEE MLA Turabian Vancouver Download Citation Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS) BibTeX Issue Vol. 74 No. 7 (2024): JULY Section RESEARCH ARTICLE License Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.